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Abstract

Abstract: Heterosis fixation is possible by transferring hybrids to an apomictic mode of reproduction. In this work, we report the development of 56-chromosome apomictic hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) with eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.). The two genomes introduced into the hybrid from the cultivated form come from the lines used in obtaining the commercial F1 hybrid. For this purpose, more than 170 thousand flowers of maize lines 573MB and 611CB were pollinated with gamagrass pollen. As a result, F1 hybrid plants (Z. mays × T. dactyloides) were obtained, among which apomictic forms were selected. In the course of subsequent backcrossing, it was possible to create plants with a sexless type of reproduction, with karyotypes of 2n = 56 = [(10Zm(573MB) + 36Td) + 10Zm(611CB)] and 2n = 56 = [(10Zm(611CB) + 36Td) + 10Zm(611CB)]. The nucleotide sequences of the nuclear gene (Pox3) and chloroplast tRNA-Leu (trnL) gene were used to confirm the presence of the corresponding maize genomes. The hybrids obtained have prospects of becoming a new species for commercial use as a grain-forage crop.

Keywords: Tripsacum dactyloides, Zea mays, hybrid, apomixis, Pox3, trnL