3rd Edition Of Plant Science and Molecular Biology World Conference 2026

Abstract

Pakistan’s agricultural sector faces several challenges, including soil salinity, health risks, and pollution. While synthetic nitrogen fertilizers provide rapid results, they can adversely affect soil fertility and overall soil health. In contrast, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF via symbiotic bacteria i.e., Rizobium japanica) offers an economical and sustainable alternative for organic agriculture. Leveraging cereal-legume intercropping, we can harness the benefits of BNF through legumes.

Experimental Setup: During the 2018-19 growing season, we conducted an experiment to compare the biological nitrogen fixation capacity of two legume species: Gram (Cicer arietinum) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic). We established wheat-based intercropping systems with legumes, including wheat-gram and wheat-lentil, in 1-row, 2-row, and 3-row strips. Additionally, we included sole cropping of each component crop as a control.

Key Findings:

1. Increased Yield: Both intercropping systems significantly improved grain yield, number of grains, and seed weight compared to sole cropping.
2. Tiller Development: Wheat-lentil 1-row strips exhibited the highest number of tillers per plant.
3. Land Equipment Ratio (LER): Despite higher LER in all intercropping treatments, the maximum LER was observed in the wheat + lentil 3-row intercropping treatment.
4. Soil Impact: Soil analysis before and after harvest revealed a positive impact on organic matter and nitrogen content due to intercropping.
5. Eco-Friendly Approach: Our findings suggest that organic agriculture in D. I. Khan should prioritize BNF to mitigate climate change effects.
6. Microbial Activity: Beyond BNF, intercropping enhanced micro-flora and micro-fauna activities, contributing to soil fertility.

Conclusion: BNF not only reduces reliance on synthetic fertilizers but also promotes soil health and resilience. Implementing BNF practices can lead to sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural systems.

Key Words:   Wheat, Legumes, Intercropping, BNF, Soil fertility.