Plant breeding is a scientific discipline that improves plants by selecting and crossing different plants with desirable traits to develop new varieties. The 2nd Edition of the Plant Science and Molecular Biology World Conference will focus on understanding plant genetics and using advanced techniques to enhance crop yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. The goal of genetic modification is to develop more productive, nutritious crops and adapt them to changing environmental conditions.
Methods of Plant Breeding:
Traditional Breeding: Involves selecting plants with desirable traits and crossbreeding them over multiple generations to enhance those traits.
Genetic Engineering: Direct manipulation of plant DNA to introduce a particular trait, such as resistance to pests or higher nutritional content.
Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS): Utilizes molecular markers to identify and select plants with specific genes linked to desirable traits, speeding up the breeding process.
Gene Editing (CRISPR-Cas9): accurately edits the plant's DNA to enhance characteristics such as yield, drought tolerance, or disease resistance, allowing for greater control over genetic modification.
Plant breeding is essential for improving crop yields and providing food security. It creates disease-resistant, pest-resistant, and hardy crop varieties, particularly vital in climate change. It makes crops more nutritious and enhances quality, such as taste and shelf life. Breeding more resource-efficient crops, such as water and pesticide use, will make farming more sustainable and profitable.