Plant Molecular Biology delves into the molecular mechanisms governing plant life, particularly how genetic information shapes plant development, physiology, and behaviors. It investigates cellular functions, enabling manipulation for enhanced stress resilience, disease resistance, and mineral preservation. Plant Microbiology, a related field, explores genetic signaling, cellular differentiation, plant-microbe interactions, adaptation, and development. Research areas include nitrogen fixation, microbial signal responses, disease susceptibility, and microbial colonization.